The Thoughts of As'ariyah and Jahmiyah on the Knowledge of Allah: A Comparative Study

Abstract

This article prioritizes the methodological debate between Ashʽarīyyah and jahmīyyah in interpreting divine attributes, a topic often overshadowed by theological polemics. To address the lack of comparative studies on tafwīḍ and ta’wīl, this analytical study foregrounds their hermeneutical differences. The objectives are to: (1) compare both methods, (2) analyze their impact on understanding Allāh’s knowledge. The central dilemma is whether textual ambiguity in naṣ requires tafwīḍ (deferral to God) or ta’wīl (rational interpretation). Using qualitative descriptive-comparative methods, the study examines primary sources (e.g., 'Al-Ibānah' and 'Maqālāt Jahm') through content analysis, contextualizing arguments, and synthesizing classical critiques. Findings show Ashʽarīyyah’s tafwīḍ rejects JAHMĪYYAH .’s ta’wīl, highlighting divergent theological implications. The study recommends integrating these insights into contemporary debates on Islamic hermeneutics.