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001 BRILL9789004509368
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010 _a 2022025799
020 _a9789004509368
_q(electronic book)
020 _a9789004509351
_q(print)
024 7 _a10.1163/9789004509368
_2DOI
035 _z(OCoLC)1330689874
040 _aNL-LeKB
_cNL-LeKB
_erda
050 4 _aKZ3760
072 7 _aLB
_2bicssc
072 7 _aLAW
_x051000
_2bisacsh
082 0 4 _a341
_223
100 1 _aLott, Alexander,
_eauthor.
245 1 0 _aHybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea :
_bUse of Force and Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Straits /
_cAlexander Lott.
246 3 _aUse of Force and Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Straits
264 1 _aLeiden ;
_aBoston :
_bBrill | Nijhoff,
_c2022.
300 _a1 online resource.
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _acomputer
_bc
_2rdamedia
338 _aonline resource
_2rdacarrier
490 1 _aInternational Straits of the World ;
_v19
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505 0 _aPreface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations and Euphemisms -- part 1 -- The Meaning of Straits and Hybrid Threats -- 1 The Implications of Hybrid Threats to the Maritime Domain -- 2 The Legal Concept and Classification of Straits -- 2.1 The Legal Concept of a Strait -- 2.2 The Legal Classification of Straits -- 2.3 The Law of Naval Warfare in Straits and Its Relation to the Law of the Sea -- 3 The Concept of Hybrid Threats -- 3.1 The Meaning of Hybrid Conflicts -- 3.2 Differences between the Rules on the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement Operations and Armed Conflicts -- 3.3 The Meaning of Hybrid Warfare -- part 2 -- Use of Force in Maritime Hybrid Warfare -- 4 Permit-Based Passage v. Transit Passage in an Occupied Area  The 2018 Kerch Strait Incident and the 2022 Ukraine-Russia Naval Warfare -- 4.1 The Kerch Strait Incident and Its Implications for the Passage Regime in the Sea of Azov -- 4.2 Freedom of Navigation of Ukrainian and Russian Ships in the Kerch Strait -- 4.3 A Critical Analysis of Ukraine’s Arguments about the Applicability of Transit Passage to Ships and Aircraft in/over the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait -- 4.4 The Significance of 2003 Bilateral Treaties for the Passage Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.5 The Sea of Azov as a Potential Historic Bay and Its Implications for the Regime of Passage in the Kerch Strait under Article 35(a) of losc -- 4.6 The Importance of the Obligation of Non-recognition for the Passage Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.7 Parallel Legal Regimes vs Sui Generis Regime of the Kerch Strait -- 4.8 The Kerch Strait as a Belligerent Strait -- 5 Use of Force against Sovereign Immune Vessels  Law Enforcement v. Humanitarian Law Paradigm -- 5.1 In dubio pro jus in bello? -- 5.2 Threshold of an Armed Attack in a Hybrid Naval Conflict -- 5.3 Distinction between Law Enforcement and Humanitarian Law Paradigms -- 6 Iran-Israel ‘Shadow War’ in Waters around the Arabian Peninsula and Incidents near the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.1 Legal Regime of the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.2 Geopolitical Characteristics of the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.3 Terrorism and Piracy in and near the Bab el-Mandeb -- 6.4 Armed Conflict in Yemen -- 6.5 Background of the Iran-Israel Conflict -- 6.6 Problems with Attributing State Responsibility -- 6.7 Non-state Actors and Article 51 of the UN Charter -- 7 Russia’s Military Operations in the Territories of the Viro Strait’s Coastal States -- 7.1 Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics of the Viro Strait -- 7.2 The Legal Regime of the Viro Strait -- 7.3 Foreign Military Activities in the Viro Strait: Incursions of Foreign Submarines and Military Aircraft -- part 3 -- Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Hybrid Conflicts -- 8 Discriminatory Prohibition of the Right of Transit Passage of a Commercial Ship  The Arrest of Stena Impero by Iran -- 8.1 Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics of the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.2 Legal Regime of the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.3 The 2019 Stena Impero Incident and the Traffic Separation Scheme in the Strait of Hormuz -- 8.4 Parallel Passage Regimes in the Strait of Hormuz? -- 8.5 Significance of Iranian Internal Waters for the Passage Regime in the Strait of Hormuz -- 9 Tensions in and over the Taiwan Strait in 2021 -- 9.1 Legal and Geographical Characteristics of the Taiwan Strait -- 9.2 Navigation in the Taiwan Strait in the Light of Recent Developments in China’s Legislation -- 9.3 Geopolitical Tensions in the Taiwan Strait and Intrusions of Taiwan’s Air Defence Identification Zone -- 10 Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in the Kerch Strait in Respect of Foreign Commercial Ships -- 10.1 The Significance of the Kerch Strait for Commerce -- 10.2 Restrictions on Foreign Commercial Ships’ Navigation through the Kerch Strait -- 11 Discriminatory Prohibition of the Right of Innocent Passage of a Commercial Ship  The Vironia Incident in the Gulf of Finland -- 11.1 Right of Innocent Passage in the Eastern Gulf of Finland from 1920s to 2000 -- 11.2 The Russian Federation’s Maritime Zones in the Gulf of Finland -- 11.3 The Vironia Incident in the Gulf of Finland and Its Aftermath -- 11.4 Potential Legal Basis of the Russian Federation’s Permit-Based Passage Regime in the Gulf of Finland -- part 4 -- Major Maritime Industrial Projects, Piracy, and Unidentified Soldiers -- 12 The Nord Stream Project and Estonian-Russian Incidents in the Viro Strait -- 12.1 Link between Industrial Projects and Maritime Security -- 12.2 The Significance of the Viro Strait’s eez Corridor for the Nord Stream Project -- 12.3 Marine Scientific Research in the Context of Seabed Studies on the Pipeline Route -- 12.4 The Incident between the Estonian Coast Guard and Russian Research Vessels in the Viro Strait’s eez Corridor -- 12.5 Permit-Based Marine Scientific Research in an eez: Estonia’s Decision to Deny Seabed Surveys -- 13 Countering the Threat of ‘Little Green Men’ in the Åland Strait -- 13.1 Geopolitical Characteristics of the Åland Strait and Preparations to Counter Unidentified Soldiers on the Åland Islands -- 13.2 Legal Regime of the Åland Strait -- 14 Threats of Piracy in the Straits of Malacca, Sunda, Lombok -- 14.1 Legal and Geopolitical Characteristics -- 14.2 Threats of Piracy in Indonesia and the Straits of Malacca and Singapore -- part 5 -- Concluding Observations on the Implications of Hybrid Threats for Maritime Security Law -- 15 A Need for a New Legal Framework on Hybrid Naval Warfare? -- 16 Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in the Context of Hybrid Conflicts -- 17 Low-Intensity Use of Force (Hybrid Warfare) through the Prism of Law Enforcement and an Armed Attack -- 18 Guidelines for Distinguishing between the Rules of Armed Conflict and Law Enforcement in Grey Zone Naval Incidents -- 18.1 Use of Force by State Vessels against Attacks Launched from Commercial Ships -- 18.2 Use of Force against a Commercial Ship in a Law Enforcement Operation -- 18.3 State vs State Scenario -- Bibliography -- Chronological Table of International Instruments -- Table of National Legislation -- Chronological Table of Cases -- Chronological List of Maps -- Index.
520 3 _aIn Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea, Alexander Lott draws a line between peacetime law enforcement measures, hybrid conflict, hybrid naval warfare, and naval warfare, based on a study of a wide selection of maritime incidents in straits.
588 _aDescription based on print version record.
650 0 _aLaw of the sea.
650 0 _aStraits.
650 0 _aWar, Maritime (International law)
776 0 8 _iPrint version:
_tHybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea : Use of Force and Discriminatory Navigational Restrictions in Straits.
_dLeiden ; Boston : Brill | Nijhoff, 2022.
_z9789004509351
_w(DLC) 2022025798
830 0 _aInternational Straits of the World ;
_v19.
856 4 _zDOI:
_uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004509368
999 _c38069
_d38069