Modern medicines from plants : Botanical histories of some of modern medicine’s most important drugs / editor Henry Oakeley ; authors Dr. Susan Burge, Dr. Timothy Cutler, Professor Graham Foster, Jane Knowles, Professor John Newton, Dr. Henry Oakeley, Dr. Noel Snell, Angela Tunstall

Includes bibliographical references

Introduction 1. Ammi majus – ammi, false Queen Anne’s lace, bullwort, bishop’s weed, herb william – ethoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) 2. Artemisia annua – sweet wormwood, annual wormwood, Qing-Hao – artemesinin and derivatives 3. Atropa belladonna – deadly nightshade; Datura stramonium – Jimson weed; and Mandragora, Hyoscyamus, Brugmansia, Scopolia – atropine and hyoscine 4. Betula pendula – silver birch - β-sitosterol 5. Camellia sinensis - tea; Coffea arabica – coffee; Theobroma cacao – chocolate – caffeine, theophylline 6. Camptotheca acuminata – camptotheca – camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan 7. Capsicum annuum – chilli pepper – capsaicin 8. Catharanthus roseus – Madagascar periwinkle, Cayenne Jasmine, old maid, rosy periwinkle – vincristine, vinblastine 9. Cephalotaxus harringtonia – Chinese plum yew – harringtonine 10. Chondrodendron tomentosum – curare vine – tubocurarine 11. Cinchona species – quinine tree, Jesuit’s bark, Peruvian bark – quinine, quinidine 12. Citrus x limon – lemon – vitamin C 13. Colchicum autumnale – meadow saffron, autumn crocus, naked ladies – colchicine 14. Digitalis purpurea – purple foxglove – digitoxin; Digitalis lanata – woolly foxglove – digoxin 15. Dioscorea polystachya – yam; Glycine max – soybean – steroids 16. Ephedra sinica – Joint pine, Mormon tea – ephedrine, ecstasy 17. Erythroxylum coca – coca bush – cocaine 18. Euphorbia peplus – common spurge – ingenol mebutate 19. Galanthus nivalis – snowdrop – galantamine 20. Galega officinalis – goat’s rue – phenformin, metformin 21. Glycyrrhiza glabra – liquorice – carbenoxolone, glycyrrhizic acid 22. Guaiacum officinale – roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood – alpha-guaiaconic acid 23. Hordeum jubatum – foxtail barley; Arundo donax – giant reed – lignocaine (lidocaine) and derivatives 24. Hordeum vulgare, Claviceps purpurea – common barley, ergot – ergometrine, ergotamine 25. Hydrangea febrifuga – Asian hydrangea, Chinese quinine – febrifugine, methaqualone, halofuginone 26. Illicium verum – Chinese star anise; I. anisatum – Japanese Star Anise – oseltamivir 27. Inula helenium – elecampane, enula, horseheal, scabwort, wild sunflower – inulin 28. Melilotus officinalis – melilot, ellow weet clover, king’s clover, yellow melilot – warfarin 29. Morus alba – white mulberry – miglustat, miglitol 30. Nicotiana tabacum – tobacco – nicotine, with a note on Lobelia – lobeline, and Laburnum anagyroides – cytisine 31. Papaver rhoeas – corn or Flander’s poppy – rhoeadine, thebaine, oxycodone, etorphine and other derivatives 32. Papaver somniferum – opium poppy – morphine, codeine, noscapine, protopine 33. Physostigma venenosum – Calabar bean – physostigmine 34. Pilocarpus microphyllus – jaborandi – pilocarpine 35. Podophyllum peltatum – Mayapple, American mandrake, Ground lemon; Podophyllum hexandrum – Himalayan mayapple – podophyllotoxin, etoposide, teniposide 36. Rauvolfia serpentina – snake root – reserpine 37. Salix alba – willow; Filipendula ulmaria – meadowsweet; Gaultheria procumbens – wintergreen – aspirin, salicylic acid and methyl salicylate 38. Silybum marianum – milk thistle – silymarin, Legalon-SIL 39. Tanacetum cineriifolium – pyrethrum, Dalmation chrysanthemum – pyrethrins 40. Taxus baccata – European yew; Taxus brevifolia –Pacific yew – paclitaxel and derivatives 41. Valeriana officinalis – valerian – sodium valproate 42. Veratrum album, V. nigrum – false hellebores – protoveratrine – V. californicum – cyclopamine and sonidegib 43. Visnaga daucoides – khella – nifedipine, amiodarone, sodium cromoglicate, nedocromil sodium 44. Excipients and Solvents 45. Vitamins