TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hussain Othman,
TI  - Salib & penjajahan dunia Islam /  
SN  - 9789672183495 (paperback)
AV  - D158  H87
PY  - 2018///
CY  - Batu Pahat :   
PB  - Penerbit UTHM ,  
KW  - Crusades
KW  - Islamic Empire-History.
KW  - Islam and politics
KW  - Arab countries
KW  - Islamic civilization
KW  - Western influences.
N1  - Includes bibliographical references; The series of Crusades was launched against Muslims by Pope Urban II in 1095 AD with the ultimate goal of liberating the holy city of Jerusalem from Muslim rule.  This goal was successfully achieved in 1099 AD through the First Crusade.  As an additional reward, the European Crusaders also succeeded in establishing kingdoms and administrative districts including the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Little Kingdom of Antioch, the District of Tripoli and the District of Edessa.  The reaction and resistance of the Muslim army under the auspices of the Saljuk Sultanate, however, began to undermine the rule of the Crusader kingdom.  Starting with the fall of Edessa in 1144 AD to the Muslim army led by Imaduddin Zanki, little by little the authority of the Crusaders began to be challenged.  The culmination of the fall of the European Crusader kingdom was the recapture of the holy city of Jerusalem by Salahuddin Al-Ayubi in 1187 AD.  The remainder of the Crusader's dominance in the Islamic West Asian Region ended in 1291 AD when the city of Acre was recaptured by the Muslim Mamluk army led by Al-Ashraf Khalil.  After the First Crusade, six more series of Crusades were launched by the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church with the original purpose of defending the Kingdom of the Cross and reclaiming the holy city of Jerusalem.  However, all six series strayed from the original purpose, even illustrating that the Crusades that were launched were not for religious purposes, but rather for the political purpose of colonizing the territory of the Islamic urn in the name of the Roman Catholic Church.  The sentiment of the Crusades later became the basis for the work of the New World exploration by the European colonists.  The theme "for God, riches and glory" is a statement built from the experiences of the Crusade series.  This is the conclusion brought by the discussion in this book.  Starting with a discussion related to the basic concept of the Crusades, important historical facts up to a conclusion that relates the current conflict to the sentiments of the Crusades.  Although this book is written based on the perspective of Islamic historians, many primary sources from Western Christian and Arab writers are included to describe the actual events that took place
ER  -